Wheelchair basics: daily transfers

A transfer is any movement from one seated position to another — wheelchair to car, wheelchair to toilet, wheelchair to bed. The principles are the same even though every person’s technique is different.

Before anything else

Lock your brakes. Move your footplates. Position the surfaces as close together as possible. Remove armrests if they’re in the way and your chair allows it. These steps are non-negotiable.

Sliding board transfers

A transfer board bridges the gap between two surfaces. Place it under your thigh on the wheelchair side and across to the target surface. Lean away from the direction of travel, shift your weight, and slide in small movements. The board should be long enough that you never have to reach the edge.

Standing transfers

If you can weight-bear, standing transfers involve moving to the edge of the seat, positioning your feet, pushing up, pivoting, and lowering down. The key risk is losing balance mid-pivot. Practice with someone spotting you until you’re confident, and always check the destination surface is stable.

Hoist transfers

If you use a hoist, the sling fit matters enormously. A badly fitted sling causes pressure, sliding, and anxiety. Ask your OT to check your sling every time your weight or posture changes. Know how to attach, check, and release the sling — even if someone else operates the hoist.

Car transfers

Car transfers depend on car height, door opening, parking space width, and whether you’re transferring from a manual or powered chair. A transfer from a high SUV seat is very different from a low sports car. If you’re choosing a new vehicle, try transfers in the showroom before committing.

When transfers go wrong

Falls happen. Skin tears happen. If a transfer method stops working — because of pain, fatigue, or a change in condition — go back to your OT or physio before it becomes a crisis. A small technique adjustment can prevent a hospital admission.